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Separate incoming solids from crystals forming during concentration, then review passage, suspension, abrasion, separation and cleaning requirements.
Explain whether particles arrive with the feed or form later through precipitation or crystallisation. State how concentration and temperature change the solids loading. Those mechanisms lead to different heater, pipe and separator questions.
Characterise size distribution and loading before selecting passages or pump geometry. Discuss suspension, repeated shear and abrasion throughout the circulation circuit. Identify the conditions at concentrate withdrawal, not just those at the inlet.
Request a process-specific operating envelope and representative evidence where solids affect performance. Agree inspection and cleaning access, acceptance conditions and the division between evaporation and any subsequent solids-processing equipment.
Keep the loop moving. The circulation pump sets the flow through the heater. That flow is distinct from the incoming feed and from the mass of water evaporated. Selection must follow the concentrated liquid throughout the planned operating range, including start-up and restart after cooling.
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Release vapour and retain liquid. The pressure change at the separator enables part of the heated liquid to flash. The vessel provides space for vapour disengagement while maintaining liquid inventory for recirculation. Its level and geometry therefore affect both separation and pump suction.
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Control the product leaving the loop. Withdrawal and fresh feed must remain consistent with the water-removal duty and circulating inventory. The discharge equipment is selected for final concentrate properties, which may differ substantially from feed properties.
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